Resources & Guides
Educational guides and explainers on financial technology, business models, licensing and regulation — each with official sources and a last-reviewed date.
Licensing guides
European Union
MiCA: Crypto-Asset Service Providers and Stablecoins in the EU
How the EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation structures authorisation for CASPs and issuers of asset-referenced and e-money tokens.
Last reviewed 23 Oct 2026
European Union
Payment Institutions and E-Money Institutions in the EU
The PSD2 and EMD2 framework for payment and electronic-money licences, and passporting across the EEA.
Last reviewed 23 Oct 2026
Switzerland
Switzerland: Banking, FinTech Licence and DLT Rules
An overview of FINMA authorisation routes for fintech and blockchain businesses in Switzerland.
Last reviewed 23 Oct 2026
United Kingdom
United Kingdom: FCA Payments, E-Money and Cryptoasset Registration
How UK firms are authorised for payments and e-money, and how cryptoasset businesses are registered with the FCA.
Last reviewed 23 Oct 2026
United States
United States: Money Transmission and Payment Stablecoins
The state and federal layers that apply to payments and stablecoin businesses in the U.S.
Last reviewed 23 Oct 2026
Explainers
International
AML/KYC and the Travel Rule for Virtual Asset Service Providers
The international FATF standards that shape customer due diligence and transfer-information obligations for crypto businesses.
Last reviewed 23 Oct 2026
International
Explainer: What Is Tokenization of Real-World Assets?
How traditional assets such as bonds, funds and deposits are represented on distributed ledgers — and why institutions care.
Last reviewed 23 Oct 2026
International
Explainer: Open Banking and Open Finance
How regulated access to account data and payment initiation reshaped retail finance.
Last reviewed 23 Oct 2026
General information only — not legal, regulatory or investment advice.